The Pathway Of Cancer Cells Essay - 1687 Words

Cancer cells are characterized by unlimited cell growth, inefficient apoptosis and excessive anabolism. The process of becoming cancer cells includes gene activation, micro-environmental changes and metabolic reprogramming. All of which compound upon one another and lead the cancer cells to continue with their overwhelming growth and activity. Malignant cancer cells invade and destroy organ infrastructure and replace it with disorganized and damaging cells. (1) The metabolic preference of cancer cells is wide ranging with cervical and glioma cells maintaining a normal oxidative phosphorylation and others exhibiting the switch to glycolysis. (2) This metabolic switch exhibits the adaptation to environmental changes and the tumor’s energy needs and activity. Overall, the carcinogenic process that defines each malignant tumor determines the metabolic profile of the cells. For the purpose of examining the metabolic switch, this paper will focus primarily on the Warburg principle w ith only slight examination of other cancer cell metabolic profiles. The Typical Cell Metabolism In a typical cell, the mitochondria works to provide the cell with adequate energy (in the form of ATP) in a well organized system. This system takes the glucose from the body and through glycolysis breaks it down to pyruvate, releasing 2 ATP. The products of glycolysis then enter the mitochondria, and are decarboxylated and attached to coA. Acetyl-coA can then enter the Krebs’s cycle. The Krebs cycle isShow MoreRelatedBiological Chemical Pathways And Its Effect On Cancer Cells Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesA cancerous cell must adapt to various biological chemical pathways and modify itself to impose its malignant behavior not only in humans but as well as in other species. The authors, Douglas Hanahan and Robert A. Weinberg points out six significant variations in cell physiology that leads to the composition of most of these cancerous cell. The cell autonomy in growth signals, insensivity to growth-inhibitory signals, avoid apoptosis, endless replication, angiogenesis sus tainability, as well as neighboringRead MoreGenetic, Biological, Chemical Pathways, And Modification Of Cancer Cells Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesA cancerous cell must adapt to various biological, chemical pathways, and modify it to impose its malignant behavior in human’s cell. The authors, Douglas Hanahan and Robert A. Weinberg points out six significant variations in cell physiology that leads to the composition of most of these cancerous cell. The cell’s autonomy in growth signals, insensivity to growth-inhibitory signals, circumvent apoptosis, endless replication, angiogenesis sustainability, as well as neighboring tissue invasion alongRead MoreHerbal Based Remedies Against Prostate Cancer875 Words   |  4 Pagesdiseases including cancer. Triterpenoids have promising anticancer activities. Triterpenoids have been reported to display anticancer activities against a myriad type cancer, without any cytotoxic effect in normal cells [17-21]. They also demonstrate antitumor efficacy in animal models of cancer [18, 21] The overall purpose of the study was to determine the therapeutic potential OAME, a tr ¬iterpenoid derivative, against prostate cancer, particularly the hormone-insensitive cell line PC-3Read MoreBreast Cancer Essay992 Words   |  4 Pagesdeveloping breast cancer, there presence alone does not always result in breast cancer. The two genes that are indicative of breast cancer are BRCA1 and BRCA2. However, these genes are not the only indicators of breast cancer, although, there presence carries the greatest chance of development. The other genes that also serve as indicators of possible breast cancer are CHEK2, PTEN, TP53, PALB2, STK11, and CDH1. These genes are extremely significant because the presence or absence of a mutation formRead MoreProtein : The Normal Function Of The Target898 Words   |  4 Pagesgene regulating the cell formations and a transducer particle for the developmental processes such as neuroblast specification and segmentation.1 In Wnt Signall ing Pathway, the DVL 1 protein works by binding to C-terminus of frizzled receptors and transduce the wnt signal in both canonical and non-canonical pathway.2 These pathways activation lead to the accumulation of beta catenin protein in the cell which known to have important roles in proliferation and formation of the cells.2 1.3.How has theRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Micrornas729 Words   |  3 Pages(Griffiths, 2004; Griffiths et al., 2006), and in human breast cancer there are 133 miRNAs were identified. MiRNAs control messenger RNA expression and which are frequently dysregulated in malignant tumors (Le Ma et al., 2007). Amplification of chromosomal regions encoding oncogenic miRNAs is consequently up-regulate oncogenic miRNAs, which silencing or inhibit tumor suppressor genes (Pfeffer et al., 2004). One study shows CD44+/CD24=low cell populations from breast tumor tissue confirm the features ofRead MoreLung Cancer : The Highest Mortality Rate1688 Words   |  7 Pagespublished by the Center for Diseases and Control, Lung Cancer has the highest mortality rate in the US than any other cancer type. In 2011, about 156,953 people died from the disease as about 207,000 cases of ailing lung cancer patients were diagnosed that year. This number is set to see an increase over the years if adequate care i n research is not given .Song described Lung cancer, as Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) with the former being responsible for about 85%Read MoreThe Role Of Inflammation And Cancer On Cancer Essay1604 Words   |  7 PagesBackground The role of inflammation in cancer The primary development of cancer results from the increase in proliferation of an aggregation of cells in a specific location in the body. Cancer also develops in three phases: initiation, promotion, and progression, which becomes important when explaining the role inflammation plays in its growth. Inflammation has a large part in the development and progression of the cancer and these contributions are eminent. These studies that have shown the relationshipRead MoreDislodged Cell Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesDislodged cells undergo a Special type of cell death named anoikis based on loss of cell – matrix interaction mediated by intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway. In intrinsic pathway after cell-ECM detachment, BH3-only proteins (Bim and Bid) stimulate Bax and Bak pro-apoptotic proteins oligomerization and pore creation in mitochondrial outer membrane. Because of these pores, cytochrome C and SMAC/DIABLO proteins will be release from mitochondria into the cytosol. U ltimately apoptosome complexRead MoreMulti Drug Resistant (MDR) for Cancer Management852 Words   |  3 PagesMulti-Drug Resistant (MDR) is an influential impediment during successful cancer management however, Customary chemotherapy has still left the most common treatment against many cancers. Genetic and epigenetic events can associate with innate or acquired MDR which often come together to make some essential biochemical alterations for MDR emersion[1]. Among numerous anti-cancer drugs, Gemcitabine (dFdC; di-fluorodeoxycytidine) is a deoxycytidine analogue with ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) inhibition

The Causes Of The Salem Witch Trials Of 1692 - 700 Words

Salem Witch Trials DBQ How would you feel if your life was ruined just because you were considered unfit for society? This is exactly what was going on during the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Prior to the trials, there were witch hunts that caused global unease mainly to Protestant societies. King Philip’s War also contributed to this unease by pushing people from the east coast and into Puritan towns. These towns had misogynistic male leadership, depriving many people of humanity because they had to live under unrealistic expectations. This leads to the question of what led to the mass destruction of faith, hope, and trust in the town of Salem, Massachusetts. Factors that motivated the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 were the†¦show more content†¦From 1675-1678, King Philip’s War pushed a variety of people into Salem which caused a division between the east and the west. The east wanted to join a neighboring city while the west wanted nothing to do with other people and the rest of the world. Because of this, a pattern began to form where the west was made up of mainly accusers and the east was made up of those accused of witchcraft (Doc F). Because of this pattern, it can be assumed that in Ann Putnam’s Deposition, Ann Putnam came from the west while the minister came from the east, considering the fact that Putnam was the accuser and the minister was the accused (Doc C). Finally, the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 was influenced by the fear of the devil. Back in Europe, global witch hunts were occurring. The idea of witches was then imprinted into the minds of the Puritans. This causes men to believe that women would have sex with the devil and because they had sex with the devil they were bewitched (Doc D). Because of this, if you were accused during the Trials, the only way to save yourself was to confess guilt (Doc B). That was how freaked out they were! So, it is easy to assume that the fear of the devil was a key influence of the Sa lem Witch Trials. Similar to the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, McCarthyism struck fear into the lives of many. This fear could tempt you into convicting someone who was a friend or even a close family member. Because of the Red ScareShow MoreRelatedSalem Witch Trial Hysteria Essay818 Words   |  4 PagesTwenty people were put to death for witchcraft in Salem during the 1692 Salem Witch Trial Hysteria. In The Crucible, a woman, Elizabeth Proctor, gets accused of witchcraft by a young girl by the name Abigail Williams, who just so happens to be having an affair with Elizabeth’s husband, John. Once John finds out Abigail accused his wife, he starts trying to find proof that all of these young girls are pretending that they are being hurt by these older women, just so that they will be hanged. The officialsRead MoreSalem Witch Trials1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials of 1692 were a series of trials in which twenty-four people were killed after being accused of prac ticing witchcraft. These trials were caused by different social climates of the area including the very strong lack of a governor, the split between Salem Village and Salem Town, and the strict puritan lifestyle during the time period. Tituba, the black slave, was a foreigner from Barbados. Her role in society was to take care of Mr. Parris’s family. Tituba’s situation contributedRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Of 16921281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a sequence of hearings, prosecutions, and hangings of people who were thought to be involved in witchcraft in Massachusetts. These trials occurred between February 1692 and May 1693(The Salem Witch Trials, 1692. ). The Trials resulted in the execution of twenty people, in fact, most of them were women. The first of the trials began in several towns in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, such as Salem Village (currently known as Danvers), Salem Town, Ipswich, and Andover(SalemRead MoreMany Years Ago People Have Wonder About Witches And What1348 Words   |  6 Pageswonder about witches and what they do. Salem, Massachusetts held one of the biggest witch trials in history since 1692 but yet have never found the rea-son why it was started in the first place. Researchers have discovered some information about those witches throughout the years. Still they have not figured out what was the whole rea-son behind the trials in 1692 and after those trials a lot more trials were more secretive unlike the Salem witches tri-als in 1692. New England, home of the biggest witchesRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trial Hysteria Of 1692879 Words   |  4 PagesThe Salem Witch Trial hysteria of 1692 caused 20 people to be hung or pressed to death and 4 perished in jail. In addition, 200 people in Salem were accused of being witches. On June 10 of 1692, Bridget Bishop was charged with practicing witchcraft and she was also accused of bewitching her husband to death. The result of her not confessing was that she was hung to her death. All of this frenzy started in the house of Samuel Parris. His daughters were consumed by the bizarre tales told by their IndianRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1358 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller in 1953. The movie story deals with the Salem, Massachusetts hysteria in 1692 with an irrational fear of the devil. Witch hunts and false accusations resulted. Trials took place and resulted in the hanging and associated death of more than 20 people and the false imprisonment of many others. B. The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft. â€Å"From June through September of 1692, nineteen men and women, all having been convicted ofRead MoreThe Causes of the Salem Witch Hunt Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesThe Causes of the Salem Witch Hunt Many American colonists brought with them from Europe a notion in witches and an intrigue with alleged manipulation with the devil. During the seventeenth century, people were executed for witchcraft all over the colonies, chiefly in Massachusetts. Various of the accused were women, inducing some recent historians to recommend that charges of witchcraft were a way of dominating women who endangered the present economic and social orderRead MoreEssay about Witchcraft in Salem1406 Words   |  6 PagesWitchcraft in Salem In the past, the word Salem has always been somewhat synonymous with the infamous witch trials. Thanks to works such as Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible†, many people find it hard not to envision a community torn apart by chaos, even though Miller’s play was not so much about the witch trials but instead a commentary on the rampant McCarthyism going on at the time he wrote it. Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum, however, see a very different picture when the Salem witch trials are mentionedRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Essay1349 Words   |  6 PagesBefore 1692, the supernatural was a part of people’s everyday normal life. This is so as people strongly believed that Satan was present and active on earth. Men and women in Salem Village believed that all the misfortunes that befell them were the work of the devil. For example, when things like infant death, crop failures or friction among the congregation occurred, people were quick to blame the super natural. This concept first emerged in Europe around the fifteenth century and then spread toRead MoreThe Main Causes Of The Puritans In The Salem Witch Trials1527 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"You’re a liar! I’m no more a witch than you are a wizard! If you take my life away, God will give you blood to drink!† This testimony is one out of the several given during the Salem Witch Trials which has become known as one of the mass hysterias to ever occur in American history. In 1692, individuals known as Puritans settled among a small village named Salem in what is now known as Massachusetts. The Puritans spent the beginning years of their settlement confronted with epidemics such as famine

Ikea Case Free Essays

The market was primarily split between low-en and high-end retailers. Low-end retailers primarily focused on offering a wide array of merchandise including furniture on the basis of low prices. Aside from tight margins as part of a low-pricing strategy, there were also several â€Å"small-store retailers† targeting college students and other consumers with constricted budgets. We will write a custom essay sample on Ikea Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of these stores were inconsistent with the environment ND displays portrayed, further contributing to poor inventory management practices and below-par customer service. On the other hand, high-end retailers carried either single brands or multiple brands as part of their product portfolio. Most high-end retailers employed expensive sales executives and focused more on offering value-added services including (but not limited to): measurement and product selection, customizable designs for complete makeovers, product delivery and installation, high number of SKU stemming from a base product, and even relocation of old furniture. Quality and service was the basis or these types of sellers, constantly reminding customers that their products would last a lifetime and that going through the installation hassle could easily be avoided. 2. When furniture titan KEA finally consolidated its business strategy in the US by the mid-ass, customers where typically defined as well-traveled, sophisticated yet practical in taste, likely risk-takers, technologically-savvy, and connoisseurs of fine food and wine. Customers at KEA look for a shopping experience that fulfills and exceeds their expectations by finding multiple types of furniture and other compliments (I. . Technician, decorations, etc) that are practical and can accommodate a â€Å"good-living† standard. Aside from fulfilling the need for new furniture, customers at KEA also valued complimentary services offered at the stores such as childcare facilities, on-site Scandinavian restaurants, and customer-service help desks for shopping assistance. KEA open-e nded states to its customers that they won t find a wide variety of same product SKI-I s in different colors or finishes, instead they have room only for what is considered necessary to furnish homes in unique, modern, and stylish ways. . KEA s competitive advantage features a well-defined supply chain strategy that allows for cost-saving opportunities when sourcing raw materials, streamlining packaging and shipping, negotiating In bulk with manufacturers, and promoting a self-service concept at store level. All these Initiatives translate Into lower prices for finished goods that customers prefer. The main disadvantages of KEA are centered on lower-quality furniture that doses ‘t last as long as other high-end more expensive products. Also, KEA furniture is not suitable for people who plan on moving or relocating as the pieces that make a perfect example of what W. Chain Kim and Rene ©e Unbroken coined a â€Å"Blue Ocean† company. The company’s target market is considered to be niche but at the same time oriented at covering the masses and being high-volume, low-price retailers. The customer experience is unique and cannot be easily copied by other competitors. Sticking to Scandinavian-styled furniture helps distinguish KEA from traditional furniture stores while at the same time being distinctive and predictable. Blue Ocean companies such as KEA employ Continuous Improvement practices that allow for ewe styles and designs of furniture to be made available while on the lookout for cost reductions and price saving opportunities for consumers. 5. In order for KEA to continue and sustain its growth strategy and high success worldwide they have to place special emphasis to the following recommendations: a. Expand the customer base outside of established markets such as Europe and North America and target emerging economies that are also looking for inexpensive, practical and stylish ways of equipping their homes and offices. . Offer complimentary assistance for assembling furniture at an additional cost in order to attract higher-end customers who do not want to partake in the tedious task but are willing to pay a premium for the service. Specialized carpenters and contractors should be carefully selected and trained according to company standards. This allows for furniture to last longer and surv ive relocation needs. C. Continue growing in POS (points of sale) in order to cover less-populated areas in current operating countries while increasing market share and widening the consumer’s preference for the brand. How to cite Ikea Case, Papers